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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among five high-risk populations in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements in the control strategy for hepatitis C. @*Methods@#The detection of anti-HCV antibody was collected from patients receiving renal dialysis, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals, physical examination populations, unpaid blood donors and subjects admitted to family planning clinics in national hepatitis C surveillance sentinels in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2021, and the year-, gender- and age-specific prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was analyzed. @*Results@#The mean prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 2.19%, 1.81%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.03% among 3 600 patients receiving renal dialysis, 3 600 patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals, 18 000 physical examination populations, 18 000 volunteer blood donors and 3 600 subjects admitted to family planning clinics, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody appeared a tendency towards a decline among patients receiving renal dialysis (χ2trend=49.065, P<0.001) and volunteer blood donors (χ2trend=11.419, P=0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was higher among male patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals than among females (2.34% vs. 1.36%; χ2=4.826, P=0.028), and no gender-specific prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was seen among other four high-risk populations (all P>0.05). The highest prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was detected among patients receiving renal dialysis (3.30%) and patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals at ages of 50 to 59 years (3.35%), while the highest prevalence was found among physical examination populations at ages of 60 years and greater (0.18%). @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was high among patients receiving renal dialysis and patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals and low among physical examination populations, volunteer blood donors and subjects admitted to family planning clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2021. Periodical monitoring of anti-HCV antibody is recommended among the elderly.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment of rural elderly in Guizhou province, which aims to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of cognitive impairment in the elderly.Methods:Adopting a multi-stage cluster sampling method, a total of 1 535 rural Han and Bouyei elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from Guiyang city and Qiannan prefecture in Guizhou province as the survey subjects for the current situation survey, including demographic sociological characteristics, such as social was utilized behavior, social behavior disease history, height and weight and so on.Mini-mental state examination was utilized to measure cognitive function and SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to perform χ 2 inspection and multivariate unconditional Logistics regression analysis to calculate odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results:A total of 242 elderly patients with aMCI were detected (15.8%). The results of univariate analysis showed that ethnicity(χ 2=4.333, P<0.05), gender(χ 2=18.367, P<0.01), marital status(χ 2=9.721, P<0.01), occupation(χ 2=7.786, P<0.01), annual family income(χ 2=28.085, P<0.01), current smoking(χ 2=11.873, P<0.01), specific hobbies(χ 2=25.968, P<0.01), physical exercise(χ 2=11.871, P<0.01), living style(χ 2=13.190, P<0.01), and activity participation(χ 2=13.004, P<0.01) all had an impact on aMCI. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Bouyei nationality( P<0.05, β=0.288, OR=1.333, 95% CI=1.002-1.775) and the women( P<0.05, β=0.516, OR=1.676, 95% CI=1.233-2.278)were risk factors for aMCI, and high annual family income( P<0.05, β=-0.839, OR=0.432, 95% CI=0.308-0.606), specific hobbies( P<0.05, β=-0.580, OR=0.560, 95% CI= 0.394-0.795), physical exercise( P<0.05, β=-0.410, OR=0.664, 95% CI=0.493-0.894), participation in activities( P<0.05, β=-0.424, OR=0.654, 95% CI=0.488-0.877), and non-living alone( P<0.05, β=-0.563, OR=0.569, 95% CI= 0.374-0.866) were the protective factors.Comparison of the prevalence of the disease between the Han and Bouyei nationalities, the detection rate of aMCI for the Bouyei elderly (18.0%) was higher than that of the Han (14.1%) (χ 2=4.333, P<0.05). After stratification according to gender, family annual income, specific hobbies, physical exercise, participation in activities and living style, the detection rate of elderly female subjects of Bouyei nationality was higher than that of Han nationality, whose difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.562, P<0.05). The detection rate of Bouyei elderly was higher than that of Han when the annual household income was less than 30 000, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=8.570, P<0.01). Conclusion:The incidence of aMCI among the elderly of Bouyei nationality is higher, and the incidence of aMCI among females is higher than that of males, which should be paid more attention to.It is of vital importance to strengthen health education and publicity, guide the formation of knowledge-belief-behavior health-related behavior patterns, so as to improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Objective:To understand the relationship between the disease condition of patients with coal-burning-borne endemic arsenic poisoning (abbreviated as coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning) and serum lipid metabolism indicators.Methods:Using a case-control study method, in the coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning village of Yuzhang Town, Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, 204 patients with arsenic poisoning diagnosed according to the standard of "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenicosis" (WS/T 211-2015) were included in case group, including 87 males and 117 females, aged(53.37 ± 8.06) years old; and they were divided into mild arsenic poisoning group (71 cases), moderate arsenic poisoning group (59 cases) and severe arsenic poisoning group (74 cases) according to the clinical grading. Another 63 residents were selected into control group in a non-arsenic-exposed village about 12 km away from the diseased village, including 23 males and 40 females, aged (53.78 ± 9.10) years old. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted for each group of people, including basic information such as general demographic characteristics, smoking status, and drinking status; fasting peripheral blood was collected, and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.Results:There were significant differences of serum TC [(4.94 ± 1.00), (5.00 ± 0.99), (5.27 ± 0.94), (5.57 ± 1.07) mmol/L], TG [(2.17 ± 0.90), (2.25 ± 1.31), (2.66 ± 1.43), (2.78 ± 1.40) mmol/L], LDL-C [(2.51 ± 0.79), (2.74 ± 0.64), (2.97 ± 0.66), (3.15 ± 0.80) mmol/L], and HDL-C levels [(1.57 ± 0.55), (1.42 ± 0.43), (1.36 ± 0.42), (1.30 ± 0.38) mmol/L] in control group, mild, moderate and severe arsenic poisoning groups ( F = 5.83, 3.64, 9.72, 4.41, P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Among them, the serum TC level in severe arsenic poisoning group, serum TG and LDL-C levels in moderate and severe arsenic poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group ( P < 0.05); the serum HDL-C level in moderate and severe arsenic poisoning groups were lower than that in control group ( P < 0.05); the serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels in severe arsenic poisoning group were significantly higher than those in mild arsenic poisoning group ( P < 0.05). After linear trend test, serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels all showed an upward trend with the degree of arsenic poisoning ( Ftrend = 15.77, 10.14, 29.15, P < 0.05), and serum HDL-C level showed a downward trend with the degree of arsenic poisoning ( Ftrend = 12.75, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the abnormal rates of serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels among control group and mild, moderate and severe arsenic poisoning groups (χ 2 = 21.16, 16.60, 8.29, P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Among them, the serum TC and TG levels abnormal rates in moderate and severe arsenic poisoning groups and serum LDL-C level abnormal rate in severe arsenic poisoning group were higher than those in control group ( P < 0.05), the serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels abnormal rates in severe arsenic poisoning group were higher than those in mild arsenic poisoning group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of the serum HDL-C level abnormal rate among four groups (χ 2 = 2.11 , P > 0.05). The results of trend chisquare analysis showed that the abnormal rates of serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels presented an increasing trend with the degree of arsenic poisoning (χ 2trend = 19.90, 15.25, 7.63, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal serum TC level in patients with severe arsenic poisoning was 2.90 times that in control group [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.90, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.43 - 5.91], and the risk of abnormal serum LDL-C level in patients with severe arsenic poisoning was 2.87 times that in control group ( OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.22 - 6.71). Conclusion:There is a correlation between the disease condition of patients with coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning and their dyslipidemia.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of polypoidal lesions and abnormal branching vascular network (BVN) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods:A case series study was conducted.Untreated 45 eyes of 42 patients with initial diagnosis of PCV from May 2016 to April 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled.There were 26 males (27 eyes) and 16 females (18 eyes) with the average age of (68.59±8.52) years.All patients underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and OCTA.The OCTA image features and detection rate of polypoidal lesion and BVN were analyzed.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (No.S-K631). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any examination.Results:ICGA images showed obvious polyps with higper fluorescence in all PCV patients, and BVN structure was observed in the ICGA images of 38 eyes.Ring, circle, cluster or node like hyper-reflective structures were detected in polypoidal lesions in the en face OCTA images of 35 eyes, and the detection rate was 77.8% (35/45). The BVN structure was detected in the OCTA images of all the 38 eyes, with the 100% (38/38) detection rate.Conclusion:OCTA can detect polypoidal lesions and BVN of PCV non-invasively, which can locate the lesion in combination with en face image and B-scan image.
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Objective@#To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for the differentiation of PCV from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted from Jun 2014 to Apr 2016 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The case series included 132 eyes of 126 patients with clinical diagnosis of PCV or wAMD.Eyes with three or more of the following SD-OCT findings were diagnosed with PCV: double layer sign, pigment epithelium detachment (PED), a sharp PED peak, a PED notch and a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion.The sensitivity and specificity of the OCT-based diagnosis was estimated.Levels of agreement were determined by κ analyses.@*Results@#One hundred and twenty-six patients (132 eyes) with PCV or wAMD were enrolled in the study.In PCV patients, PED notch, a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion, PED peak, double layer sign and PED were 38, 35, 48, 40 and 46, accounting for 67.9%, 62.5%, 85.7%, 71.4% and 82.1%, respectively.In wAMD patients, PED notch, a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion, PED peak, double layer sign and PED were 12, 3, 11, 8 and 26, accounting for 14.5%, 10.5%, 34.2%, 15.8% and 3.9%, respectively, which were all lower than PCV, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). SD-OCT detected PCV in 49 of 56 eyes and 10 PCV patients were misdiagnosed as wAMD.The sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT for the differentiation of PCV from wAMD were 87.5% and 86.8%, respectively.The consistence between SD-OCT and imdocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was moderate (κ=0.738, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#SD-OCT exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in PCV diagnosis.The presence of DLS, PED, a sharp PED peak, a PED notch, and a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion is suggested to be a new diagnostic strategy for PCV.
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Objective:To understand the overall health status of residents in coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning areas in Yuzhang Town, Xingren City, Guizhou Province after the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures, and to provide references for formulating endemic arsenic poisoning prevention strategies in the new era.Methods:Yuzhang Town, Xingren City of Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province was selected as the survey site. According to the "Standards for Determination and Classification of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning Areas"(WS 277-2007), eleven administrative villages in Yuzhang Town were divided into 5 arsenic-exposed villages and 6 non-arsenic-exposed villages. The basic population data of each administrative village were collected, and the changes of mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, average age of death and life expectancy of residents in the whole town, arsenic-exposed villages and non-arsenic-exposed villages from 2006 to 2018 were calculated and analyzed.Results:From 2006 to 2018, the average annual mortality in arsenic-exposed villages was 597.28/100 000 (756.62/100 000 for males and 432.91/100 000 for females), which was higher than that in non-arsenic-exposed villages (503.79/100 000, 600.82/100 000 for males and 405.02/100 000 for females). Using the overall gender composition of the town as criterion, the standardized mortality rate for arsenic-exposed villages and non-arsenic-exposed villages were 598.79/100 000 and 503.04/100 000, respectively. The population mortality rate in the town showed a downward trend from 2006 to 2018, and the mortality rate of residents in arsenic-exposed villages was higher than that of non-arsenic-exposed villages. The annual mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. From 2006 to 2018, the average age of death in the town increased year by year, from 53.93 years old in 2006 to 67.11 years old in 2018. Among them, the age of death of arsenic-exposed villages was increased from 55.22 years old to 65.17 years old, and non-arsenic-exposed villages increased from 52.64 years old to 68.93 years old. The life expectancy of males, females and total in arsenic-exposed villages (66.29, 75.65, 70.33 years in 2006 and 79.38, 86.39, 83.01 years in 2018) were lower than those in non-arsenic-exposed villages (69.86, 80.77, 74.50 years in 2006 and 83.25, 91.85, 87.25 years in 2018).Conclusion:After the comprehensive prevention and control measures are fully covered in the coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning area, the health level of the residents in the town is significantly improved, but the long-term health effect, disease distribution, disease burden and other issues of the residents in the arsenic poisoning area are still need to be paid attention to.
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Objective:Comparative analysis of diabetes was carried out in coal-burning arsenic poisoning areas and non-arsenic exposed villages of Yuzhang Town, so as to explore the relationship between arsenic exposure and diabetes.Methods:Data of basic information of 594 people who were diagnosed and included in the diabetes management in Central Health Center of Yuzhang Town in Qianxinan Prefecture Guizhou Province in 2018 were collected. According to the "Standards for the Determination and Classification of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning Areas" (WS 277-2007), 11 administrative villages in the town were divided into 5 arsenic poisoning villages and 6 non-arsenic exposure villages. The prevalence (%) was used for statistical description.Results:In 2018, the prevalence of diabetes in Yuzhang Town was 1.74% (594/34 218), 1.38% (243/17 665) for men and 2.12% (351/16 553) for women, the gender difference was statistically significant (χ 2=27.794, P < 0.05). The prevalence of standardized diabetes in arsenic poisoning villages was 3.38%; the prevalence of standardized diabetes in non-arsenic exposure villages was 3.13%. After sex stratification analysis, the non-arsenic exposed villages were used as reference. The OR and 95% CI of diabetic patients in arsenic poisoning villages were 0.65 (0.50-0.81) for males and 1.35 (1.09-1.67) for females. Conclusions:The association between arsenic exposure and diabetes is related to gender. The risk of diabetes mellitus in women is higher than that in men.
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Modern medical education in the United States starts early and is in the leading position in the world. Learning the framework of current medical education and the relevant experience in the United States will help us improve the teaching system in medical colleges and universities in China. The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in the United States has rich teaching resources, various forms of lessons and adopts diversified teaching methods such as traditional lectures, flipped classroom, role playing and so on. Due to its advanced teaching system, teachers can carry out classroom tests conveniently and quickly so as to promote students' self-learning. Guest lectures given by front-line staff from Department of Health and Human Services, hospitals and laboratories are a common teaching model in UNMC. In addition, the construction of multidisciplinary education platform is of great reference value in improving the public health education and medical curriculum system in China.
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Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for the differentiation of PCV from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from Jun 2014 to Apr 2016 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The case series included 132 eyes of 126 patients with clinical diagnosis of PCV or wAMD.Eyes with three or more of the following SD-OCT findings were diagnosed with PCV:double layer sign,pigment epithelium detachment (PED),a sharp PED peak,a PED notch and a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion.The sensitivity and specificity of the OCT-based diagnosis was estimated.Levels of agreement were determined by κ analyses.Results One hundred and twenty-six patients (132 eyes) with PCV or wAMD were enrolled in the study.In PCV patients,PED notch,a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion,PED peak,double layer sign and PED were 38,35,48,40 and 46,accounting for 67.9％,62.5％,85.7％,71.4％ and 82.1％,respectively.In wAMD patients,PED notch,a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion,PED peak,double layer sign and PED were 12,3,11,8 and 26,accounting for 14.5％,10.5％,34.2％,15.8％ and 3.9％,respectively,which were all lower than PCV,with statistically significant differences (all at P＜0.001).SD-OCT detected PCV in 49 of 56 eyes and 10 PCV patients were misdiagnosed as wAMD.The sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT for the differentiation of PCV from wAMD were 87.5％ and 86.8％,respectively.The consistence between SD-OCT and imdocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was moderate (κ:=0.738,P＜0.001).Conclusions SD-OCT exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in PCV diagnosis.The presence of DLS,PED,a sharp PED peak,a PED notch,and a hyporeflective lumen representing polypoidal lesion is suggested to be a new diagnostic strategy for PCV.
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Objective To investigate the compliance of follow-up and the associated factors of diabetic retinopathy screening among diabetes patients in Muping District,Yantai City.Methods 438 diabetes patients who received free diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Muping District of Yantai City from April 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in the cross-sectional study.The re-examination rate at five years later,as well as the possible associated factors,including age,gender,height,weight,education level,occupation,past medical history,smoking and drinking habits,diabetes process,diabetes medication history,severity of DR,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),renal functionand blood lipid were analyzed and evaluated.Results Among 438 patients,159 returned for check up five years later,with a follow-up rate of 36.3％.Further analysis revealed that follow-up rate was related to occupation types (P =0.003) and HbAlc level (P =0.006).Other factors did not show statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The compliance of DR screening visits is related to occupational type and blood glucose control.It is suggested that in the screening of DR in China,we should pay attention to the propaganda and education of diabetic patients to control blood glucose,and focus on some occupational diabetes people,such as housework workers and farmers.
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Objective To study the effectiveness of scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD),and to analyze the correlation between bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central retina measured by optical coherence tomography.Methods The medical records of 27 patients (27 eyes)who underwent scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on RRD were retrospectively analyzed.The BCVA,height of foveal subretinal fluid and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months postoperatively.Results Postoperative BCVA of all eyes were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant improvement of BCVA was observed after 3 months postoperatively.After surgeries,the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central foveal retina were correlated with the length of postoperative period significantly,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),but had no correlation with the improvement of postoperative BCVA (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-off RRD improved the BCVA,especially in the first 3 months postoperatively.The postoperative alterations of subretinal fluid and central foveal retinal thickness had no correlation with BCVA.
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Objective To compare the fast blood flow density (FBFD) of intermediate choroid between endogenous Cushing syndrome (ECS) patients and healthy control subjects.Methods Thirteen eyes of 7 eligible ECS patients (ECS group) and 13 eyes of 7 gender,age,axial length matched healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study.For each subject,macular radial scan with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was performed and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was measured.Then 3.0 mm× 3.0 mm macular scan with SS-OCT angiography was performed,and selected blood flow image at intermediate choroid level or 1/2 SCT beneath Bruch membrane.The grayscale images were then binarized for the analysis of FBFD.Results The SCT in ECS group was (394.7±77.7) μm,which was significantly thicker than (332.1 ± 68.1) μm in control group (t=2.923,P=0.008).The FBFD of intermediate choroid in ECS group were (76.35± 14.46)％,which were significantly greater than (63.57± 13.42)％ in control group (t=2.775,P=0.01).Conclusion ECS patients had increased FBFD at intermediate choroid level compared with healthy controls.
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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) obtains information of retinal and choroidal blood flow by processing the difference between repeated scan of the same voxel.OCTA can be used in fundus diseases because of noninvasive,three-dimensional and high resolution aquisition.OCTA is able to detect the alteration of blood flow in fundus diseases,especially in imaging the retinal and choriocapillary blood flow in normal fundus,age-related macular degeneration (AMD),diabetic retinopathy (DR),retinal vascular occlusion,etc.In this paper,the basic principle of OCTA and its applications in normal eyes,AMD and choroid neovascularization,DR,idiopathic parafoveal capillaries expansion of type 2,retinal vascular obstruction,central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy diagnosis are reviewed.
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Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV),and to investigate the primary treatment tentatively.Methods A systematic search of Pubmed,Embase,the Cochrane Library and the Wanfang Data was performed to identify all comparative studies that compared the outcomes of PDT alone,intravitreal VEGF inhibitors alone and combined intravitreal VEGF inhibitors and photodynamic therapy.Outcomes of interest included the regression and recurrence rate of polypoidal lesions,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central retinal thickness (CRT),therapeutic times,and the occurrence rate of adverse events.2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 19 non-RTCs were identified.According to treatment methods,the data extracted was classified to 3 groups,analyzed with odds ratio (OR),weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95％confidence interval (95％CI).Results Meta-analysis suggests that the regression rate of polypoidal lesions (OR=0.34,0.07;95％CI=0.13-0.88,0.02-0.36) and BCVA (WMD=0.25,0.11;95％CI=0.14-0.36,0.01-0.21) in combined therapy group were significantly better than those in PDT group and intravitreal VEGF inhibitors group (P＜0.05).The recurrence rate of polypoidal lesions in PDT group was significantly lower than intravitreal VEGF inhibitors group (OR=0.35,95％CI=0.16-0.74,P=0.006).BCVA (P=0.025) and the occurrence rate of adverse events (OR=60.36,95％CI=6.04-603.50,P=0.000 5) in intravitreal VEGF inhibitors group were significant better than PDT group.Conclusions Combined treatment appeared to be superior to PDT alone or intravitreal VEGF inhibitors alone.Combined treatment takes priority over all others in the primary treatment of PCV.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of genetic damage in patients with arsenism caused by coal-burning in 9 years. To analyze the relationship between the changes of genetic damage and disease progression and provide a basis for condition monitoring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Of 206 arsenism patients from the area with endemic arsenism in Guizhou province were tracking surveyed in February 1998 and divided into 4 groups, including suspicious, mild, moderate and severe poisoning group. Another 67 healthy residents from a neighbour township 12 km away where arsenic was not prevalent were surveyed. Over a 9-year follow-up, 131 arsenism patients and 45 controls with the complete biochemical indexes among them were selected as subjects in December 2006. Arsenic (As) concentration of urine and hair were detected by silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry (Ag-DDC). Micronucleis (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) were analyzed by conventional methods. DNA single-strand breaks of peripheral blood were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), and the tail lengths of comet were used to measure DNA damage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the control, suspicious, mild, moderate and severe arsenic poisoning group, the As contents of urine and hair were respectively (34.16 ± 10.25), (52.35 ± 22.41), (62.26 ± 31.13), (71.43 ± 49.92), (78.45 ± 50.64) µg/L and (1.37 ± 0.56), (3.69 ± 1.78), (4.88 ± 3.49), (5.21 ± 3.10), (6.25 ± 4.04) µg/g in 2006, which were lower than that 9 years before (urine as contents were (36.07 ± 20.70), (73.65 ± 41.33) , (90.92 ± 82.14) , (126.55 ± 107.31) and (139.44 ± 90.90) µg/L, and hair As contents were (1.41 ± 1.18), (4.85 ± 4.20), (5.72 ± 4.07) , (6.43 ± 4.32) and (7.19 ± 4.68) µg/g, respectively, F value was 10.63, 7.72, 14.66, 11.00 respectively, all P values were < 0.05). Except for suspicious poisoning group, the differences of urine As contents in the other groups all showed significance (P < 0.05). The incidences of MN were (0.238 ± 0.130) %, (0.268 ± 0.192) %, (0.283 ± 0.157) % and (0.391 ± 0.233)%; the incidences of CA were (14.36 ± 5.44) %, (18.09 ± 6.49) %, (19.38 ± 5.63)% and (19.83 ± 5.84) %; the tail lengths of comet were (29.88 ± 13.81) , (29.84 ± 12.80) , (34.50 ± 9.88) and (41.58 ± 12.98) µm respectively in 2006 for all poisoning groups; which were higher than that 9 years before(the incidences of MN were (0.163 ± 0.051) %, (0.186 ± 0.117) %, (0.196 ± 0.104) % and (0.273 ± 0.142) %; the incidences of CA were (13.18 ± 5.17)%, (14.48 ± 6.61)%, (15.67 ± 8.49) % and (16.90 ± 8.38) %; the tail lengths of comet were (15.07 ± 12.93) , (19.57 ± 8.80) , (27.03 ± 10.77) and (34.71 ± 14.95) µm) , except for the incidences of MN and CA in suspicious poisoning group and of MN in mild poisoning group , the differences of the three indexes in the other groups were significant (P < 0.05) . The state of illness of arsenic poisoning patients aggravated 9 years later. With the increase of urine and hair As contents and the development of arsenism, the incidences of MN, CA and the tail lengths of comet of all poisoning groups increased. There were positive correlations among them (r values were respectively 0.212, 0.316, 0.232, 0.263, 0.321, 0.654 and 0.760) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The exacerbation of genetic damage was related to constantly high arsenic loads. The accumulation of genetic damage and its irreversibility might be one of the important reasons of the development of arsenism and cancer.</p>
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Humans , Arsenic , Arsenic Poisoning , Coal , DNA Damage , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To evaluation the comprehensive acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) intervention program conducting in men who have sex with men (MSM) population living in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Methods A comprehensive intervention program was carried out among MSM groups in Hohhot and Baotou City. Seven hundred and six and 767 MSM were enrolled for investigation through the snowball method during May 2008 and May to June 2009, respectively.At the same time, 5 mL intravenous blood sample was collected from each subject for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection and intervention effect evaluation. Data were analyzed by x2test. Results After intervention, the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge increased from 70.7%(499/706) to 81.7%(627/767) (x2 =25. 004, P＜0.01 ). The rate of consistent condom use in the last six months increased from 38.0%(254/668) to 45.3% (346/764) (x2=8. 269, P＜0. 05). The percentage of subjects who had more than 5 different male sexual partner during the last 6 months significantly decreased from 42.8% to 24.6% (x2 = 55. 348, P＜0.01). The median number of sexual partners in MSM decreased from 3 in 2008 to 2 in 2009. The HIV infection rate was 1.7 % in both 2008 and 2009. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention program among MSM population shows positive influence after one year implementation, which is helpful for increasing HIV/AIDS awareness and safe sex behavior in this population.
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Objective To access evaluate the efficacy and safety of on-line hemodiafiltration for treating a-cute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) patients complicated with hyperosmolar nonketotie diabetic coma (HNDC).Method Totally 11 patients of ACVD complicated with HNDC were observed for this prospective control study.All of them underwent on-line hemodiafiltrafion for 90 minutes using Fressnius 4008S Hemodialysis Machine withONLILNEplus TM and F60 one hour after final diagnosis was made. The bicarbonate ultrafiltrate rate was set at 500ml/min and blood flow at 150 ～ 180 ml/min; and the substitute fluid were infused with post-dilution at 50 ～ 60ml/min. The symptom of brain edema and cardiac insufficiency during the same course of treatment was observed.Blood were taken from the patients to detect serum kalium, serum glucose, serum natrium, BUN and plasma os-motic pressure at one hour before treatment and six hours after treatment, respectively. The change of in conscious-ness and adverse effects were evaluated at 24 hours after treatment. Results All patients were treated successful-ly. The blood glucose, serum natrium, serum kalium, BUN and plasma osmotic pressure were decreased after on-line hemodiafiltration. Among the 11 patients, consciousness was improved obviously in 8 patients, 3 patientsdied, accounting for 73% of successful effectiveness. Conclusions The on-line hemodiafiltration was effectiveand safe for treating ACVD patients complicated with HNDC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between hypertension and cognitive function in community-based elderly people aged 60 and over in Guiyang city.Methods By using multistage sampling technique,general conditions and healthy status were surveyed in 3229 old individuals aged ≥60 years.Blood pressure and the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)were measured.Results Hypertensive subjects had MMSE score 25.7?4.2 lower than that 26.3?3.6 in normotensive subjects(t=3.92,P
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people aged 60 and over in urban and rural areas of Guizhou Province. Methods:A total of 4535 residents aged 60 and over was selected by random cluster sampling in Giuyang City and Zheng'an County. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires, they also received physical examination for related information, and their cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Frisoni's criteria for MCI, the score of MMSE below one standard deviation matching age and education was used to this investigation. Chi-square test and u test were used in data analysis. Results: The total prevalence of MCI among all elderly people aged 60 years and over was 15.4%. Prevalence for urban community was higher than that of rural area (16.3% vs. 13.2%,?2=6.71, P=0.01). Prevalence in female (17.0%) was higher than in male (13.1%)(?2=12.88, P